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  Semiconductor testing is a critical phase in the semiconductor manufacturing process. After the manufacturing process, semiconductor devices undergo various tests to ensure their functionality, quality, and reliability. Here's an overview of the practical steps involved in semiconductor testing: Wafer Testing: Before individual chips are cut from the wafer, the entire wafer undergoes testing. This process is known as wafer probing or wafer testing. Each chip's functionality is tested, and defective chips are identified. This step helps to maximize the yield of functional chips from a single wafer. Final Test (Post-Packaging Testing): Once the chips are cut from the wafer and packaged, they undergo a final test. This test is also known as post-packaging testing or final testing. The packaged chips are mounted on a test board, and electrical signals are applied to the chip to simulate real-world operating conditions. Various tests are performed to check the functionality of dif

 SEMICONDUCTOR MANUFACTURING AND TESTING PROCESS  "semiconductor." Let me provide some information on semiconductors, circuits, and the process of making chips: Semiconductors: Semiconductors are materials that have properties that are intermediate between conductors and insulators. Silicon is one of the most widely used semiconductors in the electronics industry. The behavior of semiconductors is crucial in the creation of electronic devices. Circuits: A circuit is a closed loop through which an electric current can flow. Circuits can be simple, consisting of a few components, or complex, with numerous interconnected components. Electronic circuits are built using various components such as resistors, capacitors, inductors, and semiconductors. Making Chips (Integrated Circuits): The process of making chips involves creating integrated circuits (ICs) on a semiconductor substrate, often made of silicon. The most common method for manufacturing integrated circuits is the CMOS (

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